Yes, large Canadian wildfires can change the weather in North America beyond just affecting air quality
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Here's how:
1. Reduced Solar Radiation and Local Cooling:
Wildfire smoke, particularly when dense, can create a "smoky umbrella" that blocks solar radiation from reaching the surface.
This can lead to localized cooling in areas under the densest smoke plumes.
For example, studies showed unprecedented cooling in the New York and New Jersey metropolitan areas due to dense smoke from the 2023 Canadian wildfires.
2. Influence on Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Patterns:
Large-scale wildfires can trigger intense updrafts (pyroconvective events) that loft smoke high into the atmosphere.
At these higher altitudes, smoke can interact with large-scale atmospheric circulations, influencing weather patterns.
Extreme wildfire events in the Northwest North America have been associated with anomalous high-pressure systems.
3. Impact on Cloud Formation:
Wildfire smoke contains aerosols like organic carbon (OC).
These aerosols can act as ice-nucleating particles (INPs), influencing cloud formation, even at relatively high temperatures.
Studies have shown that OC aerosols from Canadian wildfires can promote ice cloud formation in the Arctic.
Changes in cloud properties can have a regional and even global influence on climate.
4. Potential for Extreme Rainfall and Hazards:
While wildfires don't directly cause rain, they significantly alter the landscape, making areas prone to severe rainfall events after a fire.
This can lead to increased risks of flash floods, mudslides, and erosion, as vegetation cover and soil absorption are reduced.
In summary:
Beyond air quality issues, large Canadian wildfires can influence weather by reducing solar radiation, impacting atmospheric circulation, altering cloud formation, and increasing the potential for severe rainfall events in affected areas.
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