Shifts in vegetation and avian community structure following the decline of a foundational forest species, the eastern hemlock
http://www.americanornithologypubs.org/doi/full/10.1650/CONDOR-17-204.1Hypothesized causal relationships among hemlock woolly adelgid invasion, consequent changes to vegetation structure, and concomitant changes in bird community composition. We hypothesized that adelgid-caused hemlock decline would directly and indirectly affect vegetation structure in forests, which in turn would lead to different responses among avian species groups.